Calculate the current in a wire if a charge of 1500 coulomb flows through it in 5 minutes.

Charge, Q = 1500 C
Time for which the charge is flowing, t = 5 min
Current in the wire, I = Q / t

                                = 15005×60 = 5 A

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Calculate the charge passing through a lamp in 2 minutes if the current is 300 milliampere.

Time for which charge is passing throught he lamp, t = 2 min = 2× 60  = 120 sec 
Current flowing through the lamp, I = 300 mA
Therefore, 
Charge, Q = It
                = 300 × 10-3 × 120 

                = 36,000 × 10-3 

                = 36 C



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1020 electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 x 10–19 C, pass from a point A towards another point B in 0.1 s. What is the current in ampere? What is its direction?

Here,
Number of electrons, n = 1020
Charge on each electron,  e = 1.6 x 10–19 C
Time, t = 0.1 s 

 Total charge, Q = ne
                            = 1020 x 1.6 x 10–19 
                            = 16

Current flowing through the conductor , I = Qt = 160.1 = 160 A.  

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One billion (109) electrons pass from a point P towards another point Q in 10–3 s. What is the current in ampere? What is its direction?


Given, 
Number of electrons = 109
Therefore, 
Total charge on the electron, q = ne
                                               = 109× 1.6×10-19 
                                               = 1.6 ×× 10-10 
So, 
Current through the wire is given by, I = qt
That is,
               I = 1.6 ×10-10 10-3 = 1.6 × 10-7 A

The direction of current is opposite to the direction of electron. Hence, it is from Q to P. 

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With the help of a mechanical analogy, explain how the flow of electric current is maintained in an electric circuit.

 Maintenance of current in an electric circuit: The flow of electric current in a circuit is similar to the flow of water in a pipe. Fig, shows a closed water system consisting of a pump P, which builds up and maintains pressure to lift water from a tank B to the reservoir A, through the pipe R.
The different points along the pipe are at different pressures, Water in the pipe will flow from a point C to D only when the pressure at C is greater than that at D. So, when the valve V is open, water would start flowing into the reservior A
Similarly, electrons will move along wire, if there is a difference of electric pressure, called potential difference along the conductor. This potential difference is produced by a cell or a battery through a chemical reaction.

 Maintenance of current in an electric circuit: The flow of electric
Fig. Mechanical analog of electric current.
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